A particle of mantle cells is called a "piece." The cells of the piece play an essential role in forming a pearl. Operators cut the mantle into 2mm squares,taking care to discern the front side from the back side. A nucleus is inserted in this way; 1.An operator forces an oyster open with an opening instrument and wedges it to keep the oyster slightly open. 2.A portion of internal organs are separated with a spatula and a small incision is made on the surface with a scalpel. 3.Then,very gently,a path is made through the incision into the gonad suitable for implantation. A"piece"is implanted first and then to the nucleus in the gonad. The piece must adhere to the nucleus. Great care has to be taken to avoid injury to the oyster.
			The nucleus is an essential and integral material for culturing pearls. Tiny round beads of processed freshwater mussels taken from the mississippi river in the U.S.A.are used. The mussels are on the verge of extinction as a result of random harvest or enviromental changes. 1.Cracking shells= Onry the thick paart is retaned. 2.Cutting= Cutting the cracked pieces into rectangular pieces and then into cubes. 3.Rounding= Grinding the cubes into spheres on a disk ussing river sand. Emery is used in finishing 4.Selection= Selecting perfectly white spherical beads.